R16
data communication
components-direction of data flow-networks-components and categories-types of connections-topologies-protocols and standards-ISO/OSI model, example networks such as ATM,frame relay, ISDN physical layar:transmission modes, multiplexing,transmission media, switching, circuit switch networks, datagram networks, virtual circuit networks.
data link layer
introduction, framing and error-detection and correction-parity-LRC-CRC hamming code, flow and error control, noiseless channels, noisy channels, HDLC, point to point protocols.111 medium access sub layer:ALOHA, CSMA/CD,LAN-ethernet IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.5-IEEE 802.11, random access, controlled access, channelization.
network layer
logical addressing, internetworking, tunneling, address mapping, ICMP,IGMP, forwarding, uni-cast routing protocols,multicast routing protocols.
transport layer
process to process delivery, UDP and TCP protocols, data traffic, congestion, control, QoS, interrated services,differentiated services, QoS in switched networks.
application layer
domain name space, DNS in internet electronic mail, SMTP,FTP,WWW, HTTP, SNMP.